Solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) are well known for
decades. Short period solar modulations like Forbush decreases are gaining
importance because of its association with the solar transient events like
coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which made the possibility of using GCR
observations for space weather studies. In this talk, I will discuss the
effects of CMEs in the near-Earth environment that studied using
ground-based cosmic ray observations. I will discuss the major contributor
of the CME/shock/sheath system to produce the Forbush decreases in GeV
energies, followed by a discussion of the dependency of interplanetary
solar wind parameters on the Forbush decreases and the viability of
diffusion approximation. Finally, I will discuss a unique effects of an
ideal magnetic flux-rope that affects the transport of GCRs inside the
flux-rope.
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