Recent measurements of spectrum, composition and anisotropy of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) by TA and Auger are reviewed, and underlying astrophysical pictures are examined. We discuss prospects of TAx4, TALE and Auger upgrade to establish a common picture for the generation and propagation of UHECRs, with a help of EeV neutrino and gamma ray detection. Basic ideas of strong gravitational lensing effect, with the emphasis on microlensing and some of its applications in observational astrophysics, will be discussed in my talk.